COP30: Belém did not meet expectations

Professor Miriam Cohen and Camille Martini, doctoral candidate in law, published an open letter in La Presse on December 4, 2025, in which they discuss the conclusions of COP 30 in light of the July 23, 2025 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the obligations of States in relation to climate change. They assert that “as the effects of climate change intensify, COP30, which just ended in Balém, Brazil, proved to be a missed opportunity. Yet an advisory opinion issued by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague last summer had created unprecedented legal momentum.” Their full analysis is available here

This content has been updated on 12 January 2026 at 17 h 54 min.

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